Everything about Safi Al-din totally explained
Sheikh Safi-ad-din Is'haq Ardabili (of
Ardabil) (
1252-
1334),
eponym of the
Safavid dynasty, was the spiritual heir and son in law of the great
Sufi Murshid (Grand Master)
Sheikh Zahed Gilani, of
Lahijan in
Gilan Province in northern
Iran. He was of
Persian and
Kurdish background .
Sheikh Safi al-Din's has poems in the Iranian dialect of
old Tati which is very close to Kurdish. He was a seventh-generation descendant of
Firuz Shah Zarrin Kolah, a local Iranian dignitary.
Sheikh Safi al-Din inherited
Sheikh Zahed Gilani's
Sufi order, the "
Zahediyeh", which he later transformed into his own, the "
Safaviyeh".
Sheikh Zahed Gilani also gave his daughter Bibi
Fatemeh in wedlock to his favorite disciple.
Sheikh Safi al-Din, in turn, gave a daughter from a previous marriage in wedlock to
Shaikh Zahed Gilani's second-born son. Over the following 170 years, the
Safaviyeh Order gained political and military power, finally culminating in the foundation of the
Safavid dynasty.
Only a very few verses of Sheikh Safi al-Din's poetry, called
Dobaytis (
double verses), have survived. Written in old
Tati and
Persian, they've linguistic importance today.
Minorsky however writes that the families of Sheykh Zahed Gilani and Sheykh Safi al-Din were different. According to him, Sheykh Safi al-Din's ancestor Firuz-shah was a rich man, lived in Gilan and then Kurdish kings gave him Ardabil and its dependencies. Minorsky refers to Sheykh Safi al-Din's claims tracing back his origins to
Ali ibn Abu Talib, but expresses uncertainty about this and mentions nothing about Kurdish origins of Sheikh Safi Al-Din.
(Other transliterations for Safi al-Din: Safi al-Din, Safi ad-Dîn, Safi Eddin, Safi od-Din, Safi El-Din, Safieddin, Safioddin)
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